The neutral axis also is the location of the bend allowance, or K factor-the measured distance along the neutral axis. The neutral axis is an area inside the bend, at about 0.44 (44 percent) of the material thickness, where no change in material structure occurs. It is caused by the interaction between the material's compression on the inside of the neutral axis and its expansion along the outside of the neutral axis. With a profound-radius bend, springback-the material's attempt to return to its original flat position-increases dramatically (see Figure 1). If the bend radius exceeds 10 times the material thickness, it is considered a large-radius orprofound-radius bend. If the bend radius is less than 63 percent of the material thickness, it is considered a sharp bend. Under normal press brake bending conditions, an inside bend radius that falls between 63 percent of the material thickness and 10 times the material thickness is defined as a radius bend. With a profound-radius bend, springback increases dramatically.
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